The introduction of laparoscopic techniques has significantly impacted surgical procedures in veterinary medicine. One of the more frequently performed surgeries, ovariohysterectomies and ovariectomies, has changed dramatically with the use of laparoscopy.
Early Introduction:
The concept of laparoscopic spaying began to take shape in the late 20th century. Veterinary surgeons (VS), inspired by the success of laparoscopic procedures in human medicine, started experimenting with adapting these techniques for use in animals, and as such, many procedures are now performed laparoscopically. The initial challenges involved designing instruments suitable for the unique anatomy of different species, however, a lot of the equipment is indifferent or has been designed with minimal changes when compared to its human counterparts.
Refinement of Techniques:
As time went on, VSs made significant strides in refining laparoscopic spaying techniques. Smaller and more flexible endoscopes, along specialised instruments, were developed to navigate the complexities of the abdominal cavity in various animals. These advancements paved the way for safer and more efficient procedures.
Laparoscopic spays can be performed with multiple trochars/ports or, in more advanced techniques, through a single port technique. Most of the surgical instruments used nowadays typically come in 5mm or 10mm diameters for varying sizes of patients. As well as basic instruments, more advanced instruments have been created intended for use during laparoscopic procedures, these include staplers, scissors, and specimen retrieval bags.
Benefits of Laparoscopic Spays:
Laparoscopic spays offer several advantages over traditional open surgeries. The most notable benefit is the reduction in surgical trauma. Instead of a large abdominal incision, laparoscopic spays involve tiny incisions through which instruments are inserted, resulting in less postoperative pain, reduced recovery times, and a lower risk of complications. Therefore, they them much more favorable for both the patient and their owners. Animals experience less discomfort and often resume normal activities more quickly. Some studies have shown that postoperatively, patients feel 65% less pain when compared to traditional spays. Laparoscopic spays can also be carried out whilst the patient is in heat and it is considered a lot safer as there is a reduced risk of bleeding compared to traditional spays.
Precision and Visualisation:
One of the key breakthroughs with laparoscopic spays is the enhanced visualisation provided by the laparoscope – a small camera. VSs can magnify and illuminate the internal structures, allowing for precise identification and removal of the reproductive organs. This improved visibility contributes to a more accurate and thorough procedure, as well as reducing surgical complications.
Continued Development:
As laparoscopy continues to quickly develop and advance in human medicine, laparoscopic surgeries have increased in popularity and acceptance within veterinary medicine. Many veterinary practices now offer this technique as a standard option for owners when considering neutering. Pet owners are increasingly recognising the benefits and seeking out laparoscopic spays for their animals. As technology continues to advance, ongoing research aims to address challenges, such as instrument
size limitations for smaller animals, ensuring that laparoscopic spays become an accessible and preferred choice for all owners.